Immanuel Kant
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The second of Immanuel Kant's three critiques, "Critique of Practical Reason", published in 1788, is considered by many to be one of the most important works on the subject of moral philosophy ever written. Written several years after his first critique, "Critique of Pure Reason", this work addresses Kant's views on moral philosophy and what it means to be good and ethical. In this work, Kant explores his philosophy of the categorical imperative,...
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German philosopher and significant 18th century late Enlightenment thinker Immanuel Kant wrote "Critique of Judgment" in 1790 to solidify his ideas on aesthetics. Divided into two sections, one on aesthetic judgment and the other on teleological judgment, "Critique" proceeds to analyze the human experience of the beautiful and the sublime. From the effect of art and nature to the role of imagination, from objectivity of taste to the limits of representation,...
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German philosopher and influential 18th century late Enlightenment thinker Immanuel Kant wrote "Critique of Judgment" in 1790 to solidify his ideas on aesthetics. Often referred to as the "third critique", it follows Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason," published in 1781, and "Critique of Practical Reason", published in 1788 and completes his "Critical" project. Divided into two sections, one on aesthetic judgment and the other on teleological judgment,...
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What is morally permissible, and what is morally obligatory? These questions form the core of a vast amount of philosophical reasoning. In his Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanuel Kant developed a basis for the answers. In this landmark work, the German philosopher asks what sort of maxim might function as a guide to appropriate action under a given set of circumstances. By universalizing such a maxim, would morally permissible...
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From the introduction: "The Science of Right has for its object the principles of all the laws which it is possible to promulgate by external legislation. Where there is such a legislation, it becomes, in actual application to it, a system of positive right and law; and he who is versed in the knowledge of this system is called a jurist or jurisconsult (jurisconsultus). A practical jurisconsult (jurisperitus), or a professional lawyer, is
...7) On Education
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The present treatise 'Philosophical Foundations of Education: A Critical and Comprehensive Study' is the result of Author's 27 years teaching experience to M.Ed and B.Ed classes and 13 years to Secondary classes. The book of 20 chapters is divided into four parts: Part One: Understanding Education Part Two: Philosophical Foundations of Education Part Three: Eminent Western Educators Part Four: Eminent Indian Educators The author has presented valuable...
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In 1781, Immanuel Kant published his first and most famous work, the "Critique of Pure Reason". To the German philosopher's dismay, the work was at first poorly received and largely misunderstood by his readers. As a result, two years later Kant produced his "Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics that will be Able to Present Itself as a Science" to serve as an introduction to the "Critique". He restated the main ideas of his philosophy in what Schopenhauer,...
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How should human beings behave toward one another? How must we behave? One of the most influential thinkers of the Western civilization, a man who profoundly shaped the mind-set of the modern world, Immanuel Kant developed his "Categorical Imperative" as a philosophical proof of the "Golden Rule," and in this 1873 essay, he elaborates upon and defends his understanding of the logical underpinnings of all human morality. Essential reading for anyone...
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The 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant is widely considered as one the most important figures in modern philosophy. His fundamental arguments with regard to the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics, have been highly influential and form the basis for much of contemporary thought, upon the subjects with, which he was concerned. Kant believed that there were fundamental concepts that structured...
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The 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant is widely considered as one the most important figures in modern philosophy. His fundamental arguments with regard to the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics, have been highly influential and form the basis for much of contemporary thought upon the subjects with which he was concerned. Kant believed that there were fundamental concepts that structured human...
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This essential text by one of the founders of modern philosophy offers an accessible introduction to his views on logic, aesthetics, and morality.
Written during the height of the Enlightenment, Immanuel Kant's Introduction to Logic is a clear and concise primer for his larger works Critique of Pure Reason and Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. More accessible than his other books, it provides definitions of Kantian terms and a clear discussion...
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This edition includes a modern introduction and a list of suggested further reading.
Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Immanuel Kant's three 'critiques,' the three pillars of his Critical philosophy. It reinstates in philosophical discourse the notions of human freedom, God, and the immortal soul-notions which, in the first Critique, had been shown to be unsuitable in their traditional applications. The ideas of pure practical reason and...
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Prompted by Hume's skepticism, Kant addresses the question of whether and how metaphysics is possible. Metaphysicians have yet to agree on one definite proposition, or even to establish a basis for agreement upon judgments. Kant distinguishes between a priori and a posteriori cognitions and between analytic and synthetic judgments. Knowledge we gain from experience is a posteriori, and what we can know independent of experience is a priori. A synthetic...
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If there exists on any subject a philosophy (that is, a system of rational knowledge based on concepts), then there must also be for this philosophy a system of pure rational concepts, independent of any condition of intuition, in other words, a metaphysic. It may be asked whether metaphysical elements are required also for every practical philosophy, which is the doctrine of duties, and therefore also for Ethics.
16) Logic
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Taken from his lecture notes on his introductory course on logic, Kant's philosophies in "Logic" describe his thoughts on the mental process and how it should be applied in life. Kant never set out to write a book on the subject, but his graduate student Gottlob Jaesche gathered his mentor's lecture notes together and added his own observations and explanations to the preexisting text. Included in the philosophy are historical explanations of Kant's...
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Kant's Prolegomena, although a small book, is without doubt the most important of his writings, writes the translator, Paul Carus.
Prolegomena means, literally, prefatory or introductory remarks, and it furnishes us with a key to his main work, The Critique of Pure Reason; in fact, it is an extract containing all the salient ideas of Kant's system. It approaches the subject in the simplest and most direct way and is therefore best adapted as an...
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These works articulate the most fundamental principles of Kant's ethical and political world-view. "What is Enlightenment?" (1784) and "Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals" (1785) challenge all free people to think about the requirements for self-determination both in our individual lives and in our public and private institutions. Kant's "Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals" is dedicated to the proposition that all...
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These works articulate the most fundamental principles of Kant's ethical and political world-view. "What is Enlightenment?" (1784) and Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785) were written in the period between the American Revolution and the French Revolution.
Taken together they challenge all free people to think about the requirements for self-determination both in our individual lives and in our public and private
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"Perpetual Peace" is a philosophical work written by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant in 1795. In this work, Kant argues that peace can only be achieved through a world order based on international law, democratic governance, and the promotion of free trade.
Kant believed that war was a result of a flawed system of international relations, where states pursued their own self-interests without regard for the interests of other nations.
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